Protecting archaeological collections in Capua Archaeological Museum (Italy): The importance of microclimatic monitoring and non-invasive diagnostic investigations

Abstract

This study examines the importance of microclimatic monitoring and non-invasive diagnostic techniques in cultural heritage sites for the identification of critical environmental conditions and the development of appropriate conservation measures. In particular, the research focuses on the microclimate analysis in the 'Sala delle Madri' of the Archaeological Museum of Capua, Italy, which houses a collection of important Roman and Greek sculptures. The study reveals that the microclimatic conditions in the ‘Sala delle Madri’ are not constant throughout the monitored year and the environmental parameter are influenced by seasonal variations and natural phenomena. A preliminary diagnostic investigation has been performed on the sculptures located in this room to document the state of conservation of the sculptures and to plan a specific analytical protocol aimed to characterization of both original and restoration materials, verifying the influence of the microclimatic conditions, due to high temperatures and NO₂ levels. Moreover, X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) was performed on two archaeological coins to characterize the alloy composition and to document corrosion products and to understand degradation phenomena. This research highlights the necessity for the implementation of conservation measures to mitigate the negative impact of environmental conditions and prevent further damage to the archaeological findings displayed at Capua Museum. This study therefore contributes to the wider awareness of the importance of preserving cultural heritage and the role of monitoring systems in achieving this goal.