Rapid protein quantification in chicken breast: A comparison of near infrared spectroscopy and the Kjeldahl method

Abstract

The study focuses on the importance of slow-growing native Italian poultry breeds, specifically the Bianca di Saluzzo, in biodiversity conservation and local product valorisation, highlighting the need for rapid, precise, and reliable measurements to ensure accurate breed evaluation and support sustainable breeding practices. These breeds, raised through traditional methods with attention to animal welfare, contribute to cultural and gastronomic identity while promoting sustainability. Accurate measurement of meat quality parameters like protein content is crucial for maintaining consumer trust and meeting food regulations. The research compares two protein determination methods: the traditional Kjeldahl method (Kj.m.) and the Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). While the Kj.m. is accurate but labour-intensive and hazardous, NIRS offers a faster, non-destructive alternative. The study involved 192 Bianca di Saluzzo chickens, with protein content in breast meat analysed using both methods. Results showed a statistically significant difference between the methods, with NIRS slightly underestimating protein content compared to Kj.m. Despite this, NIRS demonstrated acceptable accuracy and significant advantages in speed and safety. The study suggests further calibration and refinement of NIRS to improve its precision for poultry meat from slow-growing chickens. Integrating NIRS technology can enhance farm efficiency, sustainability, and biodiversity conservation, providing reliable data on meat quality and nutritional composition. This technological advancement supports small farmers and improves consumer confidence in local poultry products.